RESUMO
Autophagy plays a dual role in the responses to the gut microflora. The present study aimed to examine the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) on Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum)induced intestinal dysfunction and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on autophagy. Inflammatory models were established by treatment with L. rhamnosus following F. nucleatum intervention using cells or a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)induced acute colitis. Autophagosomes were visualized by confocal microscopy following transfection with a tandem GFPmCherryLC3 construct and also by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagyassociated protein levels were examined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. It was observed that F. nucleatum induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco2 cells and aggravated DSSinduced acute colitis. The autophagic flux was impaired following infection with F. nucleatum. L. rhamnosus treatment attenuated the inflammation induced by F. nucleatum infection and effectively recovered the impaired autophagic flux. In addition, the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by F. nucleatum was enhanced with autophagy inhibitors or the RNA interference of autophagyrelated gene 16 like 1 (Atg16L1) in Caco2 cells. Notably, this inhibition of autophagy weakened the effects of L. rhamnosus. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was found to be involved in this process. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the mediation of autophagy by L. rhamnosus may be involved in the protective effects against F. nucleatumrelated intestinal inflammation. Thus, L. rhamnosus treatment may prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for F. nucleatumrealated gut disorders.
